Pride and Prejudice — Map of Institutional and Economic Terms

This document systematically organizes the legal, economic, and social institutions that drive the novel’s plot. Without understanding these terms, a translator cannot convey the characters’ motives or the true nature of their crises.

1. The Economics of Marriage — Why Everyone’s Life Depends on It

Core Structure: Fortune → Settlement → Pin-money

[Bride’s side]                          [Groom’s side]
Fortune (dowry/property)                Estate / Income
    │                                      │
    └──→ Marriage Articles ←───────────────┘
              │
              ├──→ Settlement
              │      An annuity secured for the widow after her husband’s death
              │
              ├──→ Pin-money
              │      A fixed annual sum the wife can spend without her husband’s interference
              │
              └──→ Jointure
                     A specific form of settlement providing a widow’s income

Application in the Novel

Character	Fortune/Property	Marriage Settlement	Translation Key
Each Bennet sister	About £1,000 (one fifth of their mother’s £5,000 after her death)	—	Invested in “4 per cents”; about £40 annual interest—far too little for independence
Lydia–Wickham	Lydia’s £1,000 portion + £100 a year during her father’s lifetime	Darcy pays Wickham’s additional expenses	Mr. Bennet marvels that it was settled for so little; Darcy actually bears most of the cost
Georgiana Darcy	£30,000	—	Wickham’s real reason for seducing Georgiana
Miss de Bourgh	The entire Rosings estate	—	A marriage to Darcy would mean “the union of the two estates”
Miss King	£10,000 inherited from her grandfather	—	Why Wickham turns away from Elizabeth

Translation Guide to Terms

Original	Recommended Rendering	Never Translate As	Reason
Fortune	property / fortune / dowry	luck	In a marriage context it always means property
Settlement	marriage settlement / property settlement	settlement in a place, mere agreement	A legally binding property contract
Pin-money	personal allowance / wife’s allowance	pin money literally	An official expense specified in the marriage contract
4 per cents	the 4 per cent government funds	simply four percent	Proper name for British government securities
Portion	share / inheritance portion	mere part	A legal allocation from an estate

2. Entail — The Novel’s Central Engine of Conflict

Structure

[Estate owner: Mr. Bennet]
    │
    │  Under the entail,
    │  daughters cannot inherit
    │
    └──→ [Legal heir: Mr. Collins]
              │
              ├── On Mr. Bennet’s death → inherits the whole Longbourn estate
              ├── Mrs. Bennet + five daughters → must leave
              └── Alternative: a son could have joined in cutting off the entail, but
                         five daughters in succession → impossible to break

Narrative Function of the Entail by Event

Event	Role of the Entail
EVT-011 (Collins arrives)	An abstract law is embodied as a person—“I intend to make amends to my amiable cousins”
EVT-017 (Collins proposes)	Elizabeth’s refusal = rejecting the entail’s supposed “compensation”
EVT-020 (Charlotte accepts)	Charlotte’s acceptance makes her Longbourn’s future mistress, provoking Mrs. Bennet’s hostility
Ch.50	Mr. Bennet’s regret: he assumed a son would be born and therefore saved nothing

Translation Notes

Translate “entail” with the same term every time. Do not alternate among “restriction on estate inheritance,” “law of limited succession,” and other formulations.
When Mrs. Bennet says, “I cannot bear to hear that mentioned,” “that” means the entail. Preserve her evasive refusal to name it directly.

3. The Economics of the Church — How a Parish Clergyman Earned a Living

Core Structure

[Patron]
    │
    ├──[Patronage]──────────────→ Appointment of a parish clergyman
    │
    ├──[Presentation of the living]→ Grants the income of a particular parish
    │
    └──[Advowson]───────────────→ Permanent right of appointment attached to an estate
    
[Parish clergyman: Rector/Vicar]
    │
    ├── Income 1: Tithes—taxes/produce paid by parishioners
    ├── Income 2: Glebe land—farmland attached to the parsonage
    └── Income 3: Fees—for baptisms, marriages, funerals, and so on

[Taking orders]
    └── After university, a man had to be ordained by a bishop to become a clergyman

Application in the Novel

Character/Event	Role of Clerical Economics
Collins	Gains the Hunsford living through Lady Catherine’s patronage. Claims that tithes must be negotiated “without displeasing his patroness,” revealing the economic basis of his flattery.
The essence of the Wickham–Darcy conflict	The elder Darcy promises Wickham the best living in his will. Wickham resolves against taking orders, accepts £3,000 instead, and squanders it. Three years later, when the incumbent dies, he demands the living after all and is refused.
Darcy’s power	Holds the patronage of several parishes. Colonel Fitzwilliam has no such power, which is Charlotte’s hidden reason for trying to match Elizabeth with Darcy.

Translation Guide to Terms

Original	Recommended Rendering	Explanation
Living	clerical living / benefice / parish income	Not ordinary “life,” but the official income from a parish
Patronage	patronage / right of presentation	An aristocrat’s right to appoint a clergyman
Presentation	presentation to a living / parish appointment	The act of “presenting” a clergyman to a particular parish
Taking orders	take holy orders / enter the Church	Formal ordination by a bishop
Incumbent	incumbent / current clergyman	The person presently holding the living
Rector	parish rector	A full rector receiving all tithes; a vicar received only part
Tithes	tithes	Taxes or produce paid by parishioners; the clergyman’s main income

4. The Economics of the Army — How an Officer Obtained His Rank

Core Structure

[Militia]                              [Regular Army]
  │                                      │
  ├── Domestic security/defense           ├── Active service, including overseas deployment
  ├── Rotating regional stations          ├── Fixed garrisons
  ├── Officer commissions relatively cheap├── Purchase system for commissions
  │                                      │     └── Rank bought and sold for money
  └── Wickham’s unit before elopement      └── Wickham’s unit afterward, purchased by Darcy

[Rank hierarchy, low → high]
  Ensign → Lieutenant → Captain → Colonel
  
  ※ An ensigncy was the lowest commissioned infantry rank
  ※ This is the commission Darcy purchases for Wickham

Application in the Novel

Term	Context in the Novel	Translation Note
Militia regiment	Stationed at Meryton for the winter; object of Lydia and Kitty’s frenzy; officers’ red coats are its visual symbol	Use one consistent term for militia regiment
Commission	The officer’s position itself; “accepted a commission” = became an officer	commission / appointment as an officer
Commission purchased	The officer’s post is bought with money; Darcy buys Wickham’s ensigncy	purchase of a commission / payment for appointment
Ensigncy	Lowest regular-army officer rank; cheapest commission	ensigncy / infantry ensign’s commission
Colonel	Regimental commander; Colonel Forster and Colonel Fitzwilliam	Both are colonels but have entirely different characters

5. Social Institutions — Rules of the Marriage Market

Core Terms

Original	Translation	Explanation	Context in the Novel
Assembly	assembly / public local ball	Public social event where local families danced; choice of partners sent social signals	The Meryton assembly (EVT-003) starts everything
Ball	formal ball	More formal than an assembly; hosted at a private house	Netherfield ball (EVT-016)
Coming out	coming out / social debut	A young daughter becomes eligible to attend balls as an adult	Lady Catherine criticizes all five daughters for being “out”
Accomplishment	accomplishment / cultivated skill	Music, drawing, dancing, languages, and other skills increasing marriage-market value	The accomplishments debate in Ch.8; see Object Dictionary §5
Special licence	special marriage licence	Issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury; marriage permitted at any time and place; very expensive	Mrs. Bennet demands one in excitement over Darcy’s wealth
Banns	marriage banns	Marriage after three consecutive weekly announcements in the parish church; ordinary procedure	Rarely mentioned directly, but contrasted with a special licence

6. Map of Connections Between Institutions — The Whole Structure

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ESTATE ECONOMY ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
│                                               │
│  Estate ──→ Annual Income                     │
│      │                                        │
│      ├──[Entail]──→ Inheritance by male heir only
│      │                                        │
│      ├──[Manor]──→ Attached hunting, fishing, and other rights
│      │                                        │
│      └──[Patronage]──→ Right to appoint parish clergy
│                                               │
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

         ↓ Annual income determines value in the marriage market

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ MARRIAGE ECONOMY ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
│                                               │
│  Man’s Income + Woman’s Fortune               │
│      │                                        │
│      └──→ Marriage Articles                   │
│              │                                │
│              ├──→ Settlement                  │
│              ├──→ Pin-money                   │
│              └──→ Jointure                    │
│                                               │
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

         ↓ Alternatives when marriage is impossible

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ OCCUPATIONAL ECONOMY ━━━━━━━━━━
│                                               │
│  Church                                       │
│    └── Patronage → Living → Tithes            │
│                                               │
│  Army                                         │
│    └── Commission purchased → Ensigncy        │
│                                               │
│  Law                                          │
│    └── Attorney / Solicitor                    │
│        (Mr. Philips; Mr. Gardiner’s father)   │
│                                               │
│  Trade                                        │
│    └── Mr. Gardiner—respected but subject to class prejudice
│                                               │
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

How This Structure Drives the Plot

Institution	Plot Engine
Entail	Why marriage is urgent for the Bennet sisters; why Collins exists; Charlotte’s motive for marrying
Fortune/Settlement	Why Wickham targets Georgiana (£30,000); the financial terms of Lydia’s marriage; the basis for Collins insulting Elizabeth by saying her fortune is too small for another chance
Patronage/Living	Core of the Darcy–Wickham conflict; economic basis for Collins’s flattery of Lady Catherine
Commission/Ensigncy	Darcy’s method of “disposing of” Wickham—buys him an ensigncy and sends him north, effectively exiling him
Trade	The Bingleys’ complex about wealth derived from commerce; the Bingley sisters’ contempt for Mr. Gardiner because he lives in Cheapside; Darcy’s willing acceptance of the Gardiners proves his transformation

7. Reference Table for Monetary Values in the Novel

Amount in the Novel	Meaning	Very Rough Modern Equivalent
£10,000 a year	Darcy’s income—highest gentry / near-aristocratic	About KRW 1–1.5 billion per year
£4–5,000 a year	Bingley’s income—upper gentry	About KRW 400–700 million per year
£2,000 a year	Mr. Bennet’s income—middling gentry	About KRW 200–300 million per year
£100,000	Bingley’s total inherited fortune	About KRW 10–15 billion
£30,000	Georgiana’s fortune	About KRW 3–5 billion
£10,000	Miss King’s inheritance	About KRW 1–1.5 billion
£5,000	Mrs. Bennet’s fortune, divided among five daughters	About KRW 500–700 million in total
£3,000	Sum Wickham receives instead of the living	About KRW 300–500 million
£1,000	Legacy the elder Darcy leaves Wickham	About KRW 100–150 million
£100 a year	Mr. Bennet’s annual allowance to Lydia	About KRW 10–15 million a year

Caution: Conversions vary enormously by period and method. These figures are rough purchasing-power references, not exact scholarly conversions. Retain the original amounts in translation and explain the context in notes where appropriate.